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September / October 2013
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221September / October 2013

Welcome to your September 2013 edition.

We’ve unleashed a sizeable spring edition and warmly invite you to duck out of the equinoxial winds, grab a cuppa and bury yourself in our pages for a while. We trust it will be time well spent.
Pollination is a hot topic in this issue, we’ve got a range of tips on developing a canopy and new orchard growth and we debate the advantages and disadvantages of growing under cover. We have reports from two key industry events – the Zespri annual meeting and the HortNZ annual conference - while we also take a look at how European kiwifruit growers are faring. As usual, we’ve got a full wrap of regional activities, grower profiles and industry news, with a sneak preview of November’s crucial Psa2013 conference.

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Regional Roundup

Dennis Robinson

Te Puke


Te Puke kiwifruit growers are waiting anxiously for spring to see what the impact of Psa will be. Overseas experience has shown us that those who have a protection program in place may be better off than those who don’t. We cannot afford to be complacent.
The Te Puke area produced some record crops but also some disappointing crops and you can’t help but feel this may be a pattern that continues.
The long, hot, dry summer was good for the control of Psa but it did impact on fruit size in some cases.
NZKGI has begun a new term with some new members and some younger members, which is great to see.
The core projects still remain – these include protection and retention of the SPE, increasing grower returns and transparency, grower welfare in the in the face of Psa, plus training and up-skilling the workforce.
We remain cautiously optimistic about the year ahead.

Mark Gardiner

Waikato


While we’re all waiting with bated breath to see what transpires over springtime, July turned out to be a really good month for getting on and doing things like pruning and grafting.
You quite often get fogs in the Waikato which can slow things down and is less than ideal for pruning and grafting.
We’re having to be more weather-conscious as we’re pruning and working the orchards – we tend to be chasing gangs out of situations where we don’t want them pruning in less than ideal conditions. It makes it harder for pruning gangs too, because you can’t just soldier on like you used to. We’re more particular about using the best weather for the right job.
We’ve got quite a diverse area in climate and topography, with orchards from Te Kuiti to Paeroa to Huntly and it covers a large area but overall, it’s been a reasonably mild winter and generally less frosts than other years. It’s also been drier than we anticipated, despite being wet earlier on.
Psa still isn’t widespread but there have been a number of Waikato growers taking up the opportunity to diversify into Gold3 and most of the Hort16A has now been changed over.
We’ll be watching that fairly intensely to see how the conversion over from Hort16A goes.

Carol Craig

Auckland/Franklin


We had a good harvest in the Auckland region with size and taste higher than usual in the Green, although the Hort 16a size was down - the cold spring played havoc and it was cold during pollination.
The late rain near harvest helped some of the sizes and it’s been keeping well in storage.
It’s been a warmer than usual winter but we have had some frosts and we’ve still had some winter chill.
We’re all holding our breath and waiting to see what happens with Psa in the spring. We were up to 38 infected orchards by the end of summer and we’ve only had one more since then, so the fine weather has been marvellous but we’re wondering what will happen with the spring. If it’s cold and wet, things could go pear-shaped.
In the Auckland region, we’ve got growers trying a few different things on top of the copper sprays, so we’re all very interested to see how that works for them, while there’s been a good uptake of the new varieties up here.

Andrew Hill

Coromandel

Our harvest was an interesting one - we’ve got mainly Gold on our own orchard and we had the lowest production for years due to fruit size. That was mainly because of pollination and spring weather and that was general throughout the area for Gold growers.
Green crops were much better off and didn’t have the same sort of issues – one local guy told me he’d had his best crop ever.
Around 40 percent of the orchards in our area have been impacted by Psa and there has been some conversion, mainly to G3. While the symptom levels over the winter have been really low and we didn’t see much progression during the past summer, spring will be different and we’ll see symptoms pop up. It will just be a case of wait and see.
As this magazine is coming out, we’ll be taking a close look at our Gold crops to see what’s happening. Hopefully the actions taken over the winter will keep the inoculum levels down and we won’t get a cold, wet spring.
We certainly haven’t seen the same winter chilling as previous years but it’s been great weather to get on and do your work. We’re ahead on pruning and all the orchard work and most people have finished their grafting.

Organic and under cover

Focus Orchard Network: Organic and under cover

Graham Cathie and Dene Gilbert of Kiwifruit Management Services Limited have a goal. They want to grow an average of 8000+ TE/ha from all their Pyes Pa organic Hayward orchards and 11,000 to 12,000 TE/ha on their Gold block – and they joined the Zespri Focus Orchard Network (FON) to help do just that.

In it for life

Grower profile: Sean and Jo Carnachan

Katikati grower Sean Carnachan is emphatic when asked why he is still in the kiwifruit industry after 31 years; “I still love it – it’s my dream job”.
His passion and enthusiasm for growing kiwifruit and taking on the challenges inherent in the industry are unmistakable.

Researcher aids kiwifruit in Psa ‘arms race’

Researcher aids kiwifruit in Psa ‘arms race’

Dr Kee Hoon Sohn from Massey University is conducting research to improve the genetic quality of kiwifruit and develop crops resistant to Psa, a causal agent of bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit.

Learning from Europe

Learning from Europe

Recent observations from Europe provide a lot of confidence for the future of kiwifruit there. Gold3 plantings are performing very well in a Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) environment. Those Hayward growers who have maintained strong protective spray programmes are having dramatically better outcomes than those who have not. The covered canopies trials are performing very well, indicating that this could be a viable option for those who are trialing this technology in New Zealand.

Light at the end of the tunnel for Zespri shareholders?

Light at the end of the tunnel for Zespri shareholders?

The intoxicating attraction of massive Chinese markets – as well as the inherent dangers in doing business there – was starkly laid out for Zespri shareholders during the company’s 14th annual meeting.
More than 300 growers and their representatives attended the meeting in Tauranga in late July, anxious to hear more details on the customs duties prosecutions in China, the fight against Psa and the long-term viability of their industry.
And after much talk about the former issues, it was the latter discussions on viability that appeared to give many growers hope for the future.

Trialing the use of pollen dispensers

Trialing the use of pollen dispensers

A trial of pollen dispensers fitted to beehives was carried out last season to determine if they would be a useful addition to the tools available for growers to manage their pollination. The dispensers were able to place enough pollen onto bees leaving their hives to achieve full fruit set, and set more than 600 seeds per fruit.

Despite these promising results, with just one trial we can only recommend that, if they are used in the coming season, they are seen as an addition to an orchardist’s current pollination practices rather than a replacement.

Pollination in the presence of Psa

Pollination in the presence of Psa

Psa was detected in low to moderate levels in all milled pollen samples from each of 30 orchards harvested in the Bay of Plenty in November 2012. Work is being undertaken to investigate the possibility of infection of kiwifruit vines via contaminated pollen. All tested samples of commercially produced pollen from Waikato and Bay of Plenty were found to be Psa positive. These results support the approach taken by Kiwifruit Vine Health (KVH) for collecting and applying pollen in the region of origin.
With Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) present in most of the major kiwifruit growing regions of New Zealand, growers need to review how they manage their vines to optimise production in the presence of this pathogen.
Prior to the arrival of Psa, supplementary pollination, based on commercially milled pollen, was used alongside bee pollination as an important tool to lift orchard productivity.